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Natural sapphire is known as a valued blue gemstone, and the blue color is caused by the presence of Ti and Fe or other defects in the aluminium oxide matrix.
On the contrary, synthetic sapphire is extremely pure and defect-free aluminium oxide single crystal.
As a material for thermocouple protective casing, sapphire is multiple times more durable than conventional ceramic tubes, and in some applications it is comparable to platinum coated sheaths.
Perfect crystal lattice is the key to its high durability. Corundum ceramics consist of microscopic crystal grains sintered together. The grain boundaries create weak points in the structure where corrosion begins and ceramic components deteriorate much faster. Unlike ceramic casings, sapphire structure is perfectly homogenous throughout the whole product. Perfect crystal lattice also prevents the surface of sapphire tubes from outgassing.
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